A patient with chronic kidney disease is likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experiences a range of symptoms due to the progressive decline in kidney function. Increased urination can occur, particularly in the early stages of CKD, as the kidneys may still produce urine but are unable to concentrate it effectively. Fluid retention is another common symptom, as the kidneys lose their ability to excrete excess fluid, leading to swelling, edema, and increased blood pressure.

High potassium levels, known as hyperkalemia, are frequently seen in CKD patients due to the kidneys' reduced ability to filter out potassium, an electrolyte that can become dangerous if levels rise too high. Consequently, patients may suffer from symptoms related to hyperkalemia, such as muscle weakness or even cardiac issues.

The presence of all these symptoms—increased urination, fluid retention, and high potassium levels—demonstrates the multifaceted impacts of kidney dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the correct answer encompasses the full range of symptoms that a patient with CKD is likely to experience, indicating that all of the mentioned conditions are pertinent to the disease's progression and its effects on the body.