Informed refusal is best described as:

Informed refusal refers to a situation where a patient voluntarily declines a proposed treatment after being fully informed about the treatment, its potential benefits, risks, and consequences. This process ensures that the patient understands their options and the implications of refusing treatment. It emphasizes the patient's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own healthcare based on comprehensive information provided by the healthcare team.

Understanding the details surrounding their condition and the treatment options strengthens the patient's ability to make an informed decision, reflecting their values and preferences in the care they receive. Thus, informed refusal not only respects the patient's right to choose but also aligns with ethical principles of informed consent, where patients engage actively in their healthcare decisions.