What is a common complication associated with renal failure?

Uremia is a common complication associated with renal failure and refers to a buildup of waste products in the blood due to the kidneys' inability to properly filter them out. This condition is a direct consequence of significant kidney dysfunction, particularly in chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal failure. As the kidneys become less effective, toxins such as urea, creatinine, and other metabolites accumulate, leading to various symptoms including nausea, fatigue, itching, and confusion, as well as more severe health issues if not managed appropriately.

The other options listed, while potentially related to kidney health, do not directly represent the systemic complications stemming from renal failure. Cystitis, which is an inflammation of the bladder, is generally associated with urinary tract infections rather than direct renal failure. Renal calculi, or kidney stones, can occur independently of renal failure and are associated more with the concentration of certain minerals that can crystallize rather than the kidneys' filtering capacity. Low potassium, or hypokalemia, is not a common complication of renal failure; in fact, renal failure often leads to hyperkalemia, or elevated potassium levels due to the kidneys' inability to excrete potassium effectively. Therefore, uremia stands out as a significant and direct complication related to renal