Which organ is primarily affected by Tylenol overdose?

The liver is primarily affected by Tylenol (acetaminophen) overdose due to the way the body metabolizes the drug. When taken in appropriate doses, acetaminophen is safely processed by the liver and transformed into non-toxic metabolites. However, when an overdose occurs, the liver can become overwhelmed, and instead of being effectively eliminated, acetaminophen is converted into a harmful metabolite called N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). This toxic compound can cause severe damage to liver cells, leading to acute liver failure, which can be fatal if not promptly treated.

In cases of overdose, the liver's ability to detoxify substances and perform its essential functions is significantly compromised, highlighting its critical role in metabolizing medications and illustrating why it is particularly vulnerable in instances of excessive acetaminophen intake. The rapid and potentially devastating effects of acetaminophen toxicity on the liver necessitate immediate medical attention and intervention.